Excessive internet use may cause parts of teenagers’ brains to waste away, a study reveals.
研究揭示，过度使用网络会造成青少年部分大脑的功能日益衰退。
Scientists discovered signs of atrophy of grey matter in the brains of heavy internet users that grew worse over time.
This could affect their concentration and memory, as well as their ability to make decisions and set goals. It could also reduce their inhibitions and lead to ‘inappropriate’ behaviour.
Researchers took MRI brain scans from 18 university students, aged 19, who spent eight to 13 hours a day playing games online, six days a week.
The students were classified as internet addicts after answering eight questions, including whether they had tried to give up using computers and whether they had lied to family members about the amount of time they spent online.
这些学生在回答了诸如：你有没有曾经试图戒掉使用电脑？或者，你有没有向家人谎报自己在线的时长？等问题后，被划分为有网瘾的人。
The researchers compared them with a control group of 18 students who spent fewer than two hours a day on the internet.
One set of MRI images focused on grey matter at the brain’s wrinkled surface, or cortex, where the processing of memory, emotions, speech, sight, hearing and motor control occurs.
Comparing grey matter between the two groups revealed atrophy within several small regions of all the online addicts’ brains.
这两组的灰色神经组织对比揭示出网瘾少年的大脑在几个小区域里都有萎缩的现象。
The scans showed that the longer their internet addiction continued, the ‘more serious’ the damage was.
The researchers also found changes in deep-brain tissue called white matter, through which messages pass between different areas of grey matter in the nervous system.
These ‘structural abnormalities were probably associated with functional impairments in cognitive control’, they said.
The researchers added that these abnormalities could have made the teenagers more ‘easily internet dependent’, but concluded they ‘were the consequence of IAD (internet addiction disorder)’.
‘Our results suggested long-term internet addiction would result in brain structural alterations,’ they said.
The study, published in the PLoS ONE journal, was carried out by neuroscientists and radiologists at universities and hospitals in China, where 24million youths are estimated to be addicted to the internet.
In Britain, children spend an average of five hours and 20 minutes a day in front of TV or computer screens, according to estimates by the market-research agency Childwise.
根据Childwise 市场调查代理公司的测算：在英国，孩子们平均每天花费5个小时20分钟在电视或者电脑屏幕前。
Dr Aric Sigman, a fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine, described the Chinese research as a ‘wake-up call’.
He said: ‘It strikes me as a terrible shame that our society requires photos of brains shrinking in order to take seriously the common-sense assumption that long hours in front of screens is not good for our children’s health.’
Baroness Greenfield, professor of pharmacology at Oxford University, described the results as ‘very striking’.
She said: ‘It shows there’s a very clear relationship between the number of years these young people have been addicted to the internet and changes in their brains.
‘We need to do more experiments and we need to invest more money in research and have more studies like this.’
The neuroscientist has previously warned there could be a link between children’s poor attention spans and the use of computers and social-networking websites. She is concerned that not enough attention is being paid to evidence that computer use is changing young people’s brains.
Professor Karl Friston, a neuroscientist at University College London, told the Scientific American journal the techniques used in the small-scale study were rigorous.
He said: ‘It goes against intuition, but you don’t need a large sample size. That the results show anything significant at all is very telling.’
